Many investors take into account corporate governance in their investment decisions. Retail companies are generally in-line with the governance norms of companies across the S&P 500, although differences exist in corporate governance trends between brick-and-mortar retail companies and e-commerce retail companies. For example, e-commerce retailers have greater rates of board refreshment and are more likely to separate the roles of CEO and chair than their brick-and mortar counterparts. Furthermore, e-commerce retailers are more likely to permit shareholders to act via written consent and are less likely to permit shareholders to call a special meeting.